Design decisions or approval theater? (Q&A)

We’re digging into a sharp article by @caoimghgin, Why Engineers Can Say “This Is Wrong” and Designers Can’t. His argument is straightforward (and probably uncomfortable for many…) design work stalls because design decisions are not tied to clear, shared standards. When decisions cannot be proven right or wrong, feedback turns into opinions, meetings drag on, and nothing actually gets decided.

Very direct. With a hint of “we’ve been here before.”

And that’s his point. This isn’t new. Massimo Vignelli argued that design professionalism depends on three things: history, theory, and criticism. Engineering has all three. Its decisions are documented, its frameworks are shared and reused, and its review processes resolve disagreement. Design walked away from those foundations and called it progress.

Your prescription is equally blunt. If designers document the reasoning behind decisions the same way engineers do, critiques become actionable, disagreements resolve faster, and teams can move forward.

Let’s jump into the discussion

This leads us to your most practical advice. Skip the kickoff and alignment meetings. Build something small, make a real decision, and show it to someone who needs it. Process changes that already work get adopted.

If it sticks, it spreads. If not, you only lost an afternoon.

So here’s the question I want to dig into with you: why do you think design got stuck in a game of generating ideas that require approval instead of decisions that carry weight?

Let’s have some fun with Kevin Muldoon, a new Glare author, and dive into this thorny topic!

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Great to chat with you on this topic, Kevin. It’s an important one that often gets pushed aside. To start, what drew you to this problem, and why does it matter so much to you?

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Hey Bryan! Thanks for inviting me to this forum and talk about this article. I’m a programmer and a designer with a specialty in Design Systems, so I’ve been at that intersection of art/code for many years. It occurred to me that both designers and engineers not only approach problems very differently, but also with entirely different methods of solving. This is my attempt to discover what makes engineers lives easier when faced with an architectural choice.

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Love this. And very true. In fact, we’ve reviewed decisions across the organization, so your ideas resonate with me. I think you touch on some great areas in the article. Design struggles with the cross-functional agreements and alignment. Engineering is much clearer in it’s role.

Was there an aha moment where you’re like… this is broken, how do I fix this?

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Not a singular aha moment, but more like a series of minor tremors that became an earthquake…

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I mention Massimo Vignelli’s forward, ‘A Call for Criticism’, but years before I took inspiration from Christopher Alexander’s “Design Patterns”, or documenting common solutions to democratize the practice of Architecture. He had firm opinions on right/wrong and how to determine if the design was healthy

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Agreed. It’s hard to improve something that you have no bounds for- a common issue designers run into.

Before we jump into grilling designers, I want to address a big part of the design issues you highlight. If I look at the chart below, I would argue much of the Design Vibes is propagated by stakeholders and people with influence. I don’t see many stakeholders speaking the language of a code review.

I’m what you call a fuzzy engineer- I have an engineering degree, but focused on product design at the beginning of my career. So I have a deep understanding of how you are framing these problems.

Many of these decision-making problems seem to be getting worse. Why do you think that is the case now?

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It does seem to be getting worse, doesn’t it? I don’t think that is an accident…

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We have seen evidence of a fundamental shift in liberal arts education over the past 40+ years which has embraced a form of postmodern relativism, making it all but impossible to apply reasoned critique and judgment on non-scientific applications….

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One of our earliest documents was Allan Bloom in 1987 in his book ‘The Closing of the American Mind’, who took a dim view of that shift. Also, he wasn’t much for rock and roll so take all with a grain or two of salt. But I believe we can observe a distinct difference in liberal education from 1960 to present day which appears to explain the difference you observe.

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Interesting.

In my exchanges with 100’s of product and design leaders over the last year, two things have stuck. They overlap with your assessment. There’s a laundry list of items, but these seem to get more attention:

  • The first issue is a lack of shared definitions of success. Teams simply don’t agree on what “better” means. Without agreed outcomes, any critique feels subjective, even when it isn’t. People argue past each other because they’re optimizing for different things.

  • The second issue is translation. Design struggles to connect its decisions to business language. When design feedback stays at the level of intent or feeling, executives default to the decision frameworks they trust (mainly numbers). I don’t think this is because reject judgment, but because they need decisions tied to outcomes they are accountable for.

When those two things are missing… most critique collapses into opinion because the system never defined what reason should resolve against.

I believe this aligns with your idea that critiques can be made actionable. In a practical sense, how should designers make their decisions actionable? Make more prototypes?

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I think we can help our designers by encouraging (even demanding) them to make a falsifiable statement. This is the primary capability that has been lost and it has far reaching impacts beyond the field of design in a corporate environment…

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Encouraging, demanding…setting the expectation even! I like how you phrased, ‘talking past one another’ because that is the gap between a ‘modernist’ operating system and a ‘postmodernist’. The same language, but a completely different and bewildering output.

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Love this. We’ve taken an approach that brings the fuzziness of a user need and put it into a design signal to help our teams make better decisions. It creates accountability around user data, encourages ownership, and pushes designers to make clear recommendations.

That said, this is still a hard shift for many teams. In your experience, what do designers need to bring to the table to make decisions stick with stakeholders?

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What a wonderful illustration of the system! Exactly this. What designers need is evidence that lives outside of preference, AND survives outside the room. If it’s not documented, it didn’t happen. If it’s not tied to outcomes they own, they won’t defend it.

It’s a discipline, not unlike pair programming or unit testing. The institution exists to support the profession, not detract.

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Thank you for the kind words.

Right, when you can organize your thinking around data points that shape the discussion, taste, judgment, and intuition will go a long way. Here’s an example of quick data we collected across 500 people with multivariate testing. This gets stakeholders to listen.

You highlight in your article:

Document What’s True, Not What’s Ideal

What if the designer doesn’t know why a decision was made? What if the honest answer is “our lead liked it”?

Document that.

Couldn’t agree more. The job of a designer isn’t to know all the answers, it’s to use the available data, insights, and goals to ask better questions. Which leads me to the biggest issue.

Why do you think design got stuck in a game of generating ideas that require approval instead of decisions that carry weight?

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It’s a question worth investigating. I see two forces. First, education drifted toward the postmodern—critique without criteria, where every perspective is equally valid. Second, the profession never built what engineering built: a documented consensus that teams can adopt without defending from scratch.

When you have neither training in rigorous judgment nor external standards to point to, all you can do is propose and hope someone approves.

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Agree with you there. It’s the goal of Glare to help product and design leaders make better decisions.

Ok, one more question. This has been a really informative and helpful conversation. To wrap up, I’d love to hear your thoughts on where you land at the end of the article.

Design doesn’t need more empathy. It needs more infrastructure.

Any last suggestions on earning budget or influence in the org to invest in this?

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I think this is where we need to assert our professionalism in the most subversive way possible. Don’t earn permission—make it unnecessary.

Thank you so much for joining us @caoimghgin. Love the ideas. We’ll keep the thread open for others to jump in and ask questions.